8. Measuring the data
Weights for 2023 and 2024 consumer price inflation statistics
In line with usual practice at the start of each year, the expenditure weights used in compiling the Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) and the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) in 2023 were calculated using updated spending information. Normally, this would be national accounts household final consumption expenditure (HHFCE) data lagged by two years. However, because of the unprecedented events of the last few years and the larger changes seen in spending patterns, we adjusted the data so that the resulting weights were more reflective of the year immediately before use in consumer price inflation. This is in line with the procedures adopted in 2021 and 2022. More information is available in our Consumer price inflation, updating weights articles.
Since the final coronavirus (COVID-19) lockdown occurred in 2021, we plan to revert to our standard methodology and use unadjusted data reflecting spending in 2022 when producing the 2024 CPIH and CPI weights. The weights for the Retail Prices Index (RPI) were not adjusted for changed spending patterns in 2021 to 2023 and will not be adjusted for 2024.
The weights used to produce the CPI and CPIH have historically been rounded to integers as parts per thousand of the all items indices. For 2024, we plan to use unrounded weights in compiling the indices. The RPI will continue to be based on integer weights.
Letter handling services
As noted in section 6.4.1 of our Consumer Prices Indices Technical Manual, the frequency of price inquiries varies across the range of items in the basket and depends on when prices are known or expected to change. The most common frequencies are monthly, quarterly or annual. Letter handling services, which includes the price of stamps, is collected only annually in April. In response to user feedback, the rise in first class stamps in October has now been reflected in November's index. If this change had been made in October, the headline CPI inflation rate would have been unchanged.
Following a review of our collection process, we will be moving the annual collection of this item to a monthly basis. We will also expand our market intelligence processes to monitor for other large changes in non-monthly collections, to allow for ad-hoc updates to the index in response to significant widespread price changes. The list of items collected quarterly or annually is listed in our Quality and Methodology Information (QMI) report.
Households and the cost of living
To assist individuals in understanding how the rise in inflation affects their expenditure, we have produced a personal inflation calculator. The calculator allows users to enter the amount they spend across either a reduced or a wide range of categories, to produce an estimate of their personal inflation based on those spending patterns.
Our shopping prices comparison tool shows how the average prices of items have changed over time. As a result, the number of average price series in Table 55 in our Consumer price inflation dataset has been reduced to two, covering petrol and diesel, and Table 54 has been discontinued. The average price data originally presented in these tables are currently still available as time series on our website and can be found using the four-character identifiers in Table 55.
Update on the Household Costs Indices and CPIH-consistent subgroups, UK
On 4 December 2023, we published our experimental Household Costs Indices (HCIs) for UK household groups on a quarterly basis for the first time. This included new estimates for the period from January 2022 to September 2023, and revised estimates from 2007 to 2021. The HCIs reflect how different types of households experience changing prices and differ from CPIH and CPI, which are based on recognised economic principles and which provide an aggregate measure of inflation for household spending in the UK.
We have previously published CPIH and CPI-consistent inflation rate estimates for UK household groups. However, the quarterly publication of HCIs will now better support users' understanding of how rising prices and the cost of living affect different types of households, reflecting their unique role in our range of consumer price inflation measures, described in our Measuring changing prices and costs for consumers and households: December 2023 article. Therefore, CPIH and CPI-consistent subgroup estimates will be discontinued.
Alternative data sources
We are undertaking a programme of transformation across our price statistics, including identifying new sources, improving methods, and developing systems. More information about the project and our ongoing transformation plans can be found in our updated Research and developments in the transformation of UK consumer price statistics article, released on 1 December 2023. The latest release includes information on the transformation of consumer price statistics on second-hand cars and private rents, which we plan to introduce in March 2024, and our proposed approach to outlier detection in grocery scanner data.
As usual, we welcome your feedback on our work by email to cpi@ons.gov.uk.
Consumer price inflation historical estimates, UK, 1950 to 1988
On 18 May 2022, we published our Consumer price inflation, historical estimates, UK, 1950 to 1988 – Methodology and Consumer price inflation, historical estimates and recent trends, UK: 1950 to 2022 article. These include new estimates of CPIH and improved estimates of CPI for the period 1950 to 1988. These estimates (published in response to user need for a longer series) are indicative and are for analytical purposes only. They are not intended for official use and do not constitute part of the National Statistic series.
Previously, in December 2018, we published our Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) historical series: 1988 to 2004 article. This series is an official statistic rather than a National Statistic, reflecting the historical uncertainty around the backcasts.
Methodology information
The consumer price indices are normally based on prices collected from outlets around the country, supplemented by information collected centrally over the internet and by phone. The figures in this publication use data collected on or around 14 November 2023.
Our Consumer price indices, a brief guide gives an overview of consumer price statistics, while our Consumer Prices Indices Technical Manual covers the concepts and methodologies underpinning the indices in more detail.
Our CPIH Compendium provides a comprehensive source of information on the CPIH, focusing on the approach to measuring owner occupiers' housing costs.
Our Users and uses of consumer price inflation statistics: July 2018 update includes information on the users and uses of these statistics, and the characteristics of the different measures of inflation in relation to potential use.
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2023-12-20 07:08:48Z
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